Dogs' response to cold weather varies. Factors like coat type, coat color, size, weight, conditioning, and overall health influence their cold tolerance.

Dogs with thick, double-layered coats are more cold-tolerant. Dark-coated dogs can absorb significant heat from sunlight, keeping them warmer.

Small dogs lose heat faster than large dogs. Body fat insulates, but the health risks of being overweight far outweigh any benefits.

Dogs used to the cold handle it better. Puppies, senior dogs, and dogs with health problems can't regulate their body temperatures as well.

Wind chill, dampness, cloud cover, and activity level also affect how dogs feel the cold. Active dogs generate extra body heat.

Cold may become a problem for some dogs below 45 F. Under 32 F, small, thin, young, old, or sick dogs could be in danger if outdoors too long.